The genus Heuchera has around 50 species, and all are native to North America. American alumroot, which is native to Ohio and the eastern US, is a mounding perennial with colorful, heart-shaped leaves that emerge purplish brown and mature to green mottled with cream markings. In spring and summer, small, creamy-pink flowers droop from short, branching stems on the leafless flower stalks. It's easily grown in moist, rich soils in shade or part sun, and it tolerates occasionally dry conditions. It's also very resistant to deer browse, because the tannins in the plant give it a bitter flavor.
There are four straight species of Heuchera native to North America, and they have yielded hundreds of cultivars that are commonly sold in commercial nurseries. H. americana has been used as a component of modern hybrids to contribute hardiness, vigor, and color. However, only some of the cultivars are ecologically viable, meaning their leaves and flowers contribute to the food web and do not negatively alter insect behavior. For a detailed explanation of straight species and cultivars, read this article: https://piedmontmastergardeners.org/article/heuchera-known-as-coral-bells-alumroot-and-more/.
Heuchera species are short-lived due to their shallow roots. The woody crowns rise above the soil as the plant ages, and the thick stem becomes more fragile each year. To rejuvenate, dig up the plant and replant it a little deeper with 1-2” of the stem above the soil. Another option is to cut away the older root stalks and replant the youngest growth.
Native habitats include rocky forests and outcrops. Mass the plants for a dramatic effect or use as an accent plant. Use in shade or rock gardens or in containers in shady areas with consistent moisture.
Plant Characteristics:
Grows 1-3' tall and 1-1.5' wide.
Prefers part shade or morning sun. Tolerates full sun with consistently moist soil, but afternoon sun may cause leaf scorch.
Prefers moist, well-drained soils. Tolerates occasionally dry conditions.
Wildlife Value:
Host plant for larvae of the moth Epinota heucherana. The nectar and pollen attract small bees such as halictid and the Heuchera specialist bee (Colletes aestivalis). Flies and wasps also visit the plant. Deer avoid browsing the bitter, rough foliage.
Medicinal, Edible, and Other Uses:
Roots contain the mineral substance alum, a powerful astringent that was used to treat wounds, sores, nosebleeds, and gastrointestinal issues.
Resources:
North Carolina Extension: https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/heuchera-americana/
Piedmont Master Gardeners: https://piedmontmastergardeners.org/article/heuchera-known-as-coral-bells-alumroot-and-more/
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